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Vulnerability Scanning
12 min read Cybersecurity
1. What is Vulnerability Scanning?
Vulnerability scanning is the automated process of identifying security weaknesses in computer systems, networks, and applications.
Key Objectives:
- Identify known vulnerabilities
- Detect misconfigurations
- Assess patch levels
- Evaluate security posture
2. Types of Vulnerability Scans
| Scan Type | Description | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Network Scan | Scans network infrastructure | Routers, switches, firewalls |
| Host Scan | Scans individual systems | Servers, workstations |
| Web Application Scan | Scans web applications | Websites, APIs |
| Database Scan | Scans database systems | SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle |
| Authenticated Scan | Uses credentials for deeper access | Internal assessments |
3. Vulnerability Probe
A vulnerability probe is a targeted test that attempts to exploit specific vulnerabilities to confirm their existence.
Probe vs Scan
- Scan: Broad, automated detection of potential vulnerabilities
- Probe: Targeted verification of specific vulnerabilities
4. Popular Vulnerability Scanners
| Tool | Type | License |
|---|---|---|
| OpenVAS | Network/Host | Open Source |
| Nessus | Network/Host | Commercial |
| Qualys | Cloud-based | Commercial |
| Nikto | Web Application | Open Source |
| Nmap | Network Discovery | Open Source |
5. Scanning Process
- Planning: Define scope and targets
- Discovery: Identify live hosts and services
- Enumeration: Gather detailed information
- Vulnerability Detection: Identify weaknesses
- Analysis: Review and prioritize findings
- Reporting: Document results
6. Best Practices
- Scan regularly (weekly/monthly)
- Use authenticated scans when possible
- Keep scanner signatures updated
- Validate findings to eliminate false positives
- Prioritize remediation by risk level
- Document and track vulnerabilities
Key Point:
Vulnerability scanning is a continuous process. Regular scans help identify new vulnerabilities as they emerge.